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Audi

•  Audi AG (German: Audi AG) is one of the German companies that produces luxury cars under the Audi name and is part of the Volkswagen Group. The name Audi (pronounced /ˈaʊdi/) comes from the Latin translation of the founder August Horch's surname, which in German means "Listen!". Audi's headquarters are located in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.

• The history of Audi was complex and dates back to the early part of the last century and the company founded by August Horch. It merged with two other companies, one of which was DKW and the other was Wanderer, in what was called the “Auto Union” in 1932. In World War II, NSU’s factories were destroyed and it almost declared bankruptcy, but Audi united with it to form Audi NSU. The era of Audi began in the 1960s after Volkswagen acquired Auto Union from Daimler-Benz. After reviving the Audi name in 1965 with the introduction of the Audi F103 range, Volkswagen merged NSU Motorenwerke in 1969 and became the Audi company we know today.

• The company has been wholly owned (99.55%) by the Volkswagen Group (Volkswagen AG) since 1964. The Volkswagen Group relaunched the Audi brand with the introduction of the Audi 60/72/75/80 Super 90 in 1965 (it was sold in specific export markets (such as Audi), shortly after Volkswagen acquired the assets of Auto Union from its previous owner, Daimler-Benz. But it is now suffering from financial pressures that have led to many problems for the parent company.

• Audi company history

• Company birth and name

• Audi Type E

• The company's roots go back to businessman August Horch in 1899. The first Horch car was produced in 1901 in Zwickau. In 1909, Horch was forced to leave the company he founded. He then set up a new company in Zwickau and continued to use the Horch brand

• His former partners sued him for trademark infringement, and a German court declared that the Horch trademark belonged to his former company. August Horch was forbidden from using his family name in his new automobile business, so he called a meeting at Franz Wickenscher's apartment to come up with a new name for his company. During this meeting, Franz's son was quietly studying Latin in the corner of the room. Several times he looked like he was about to say something but swallowed the words and continued working, until finally he said, audiatur et altera pars... Would it be a good idea if we called it Audi instead of Horch? “Horch!” is German for “listen!” or “hear,” and it is “audible” in Latin. The audience enthusiastically approved the idea.

• It was sometimes mistaken that the word Audi was an abbreviation that stood for "Automobile Association of Ingolstadt, Germany", but this is not considered the true origin of the company's name.

• Audi started with a 2,612 cc (2.6 L) four-cylinder model, followed by a 3,564 cc (3.6 L) model, as well as 4,680 cc (4.7 L) and 5,720 cc (5.7 L) models. These cars achieved great success in sporting events. The first six-cylinder model with a capacity of 4,655 cc (4.7 litres) appeared in 1924.

• August Horch left Audi in 1920 to take a senior position at the Ministry of Transport, but remained at Audi as a member of the Board of Trustees. In September 1921, Audi became the first German car manufacturer to offer the Audi K-Class with the driver's seat on the left. The left-hand driving seat became widespread during the 1920s, because it provided a better view of oncoming cars, making overtaking maneuvers safer.

• The era of the Auto Union

• Main article: Auto Union

• In August 1928, Jürgen Rasmussen, owner of DKW, acquired a majority stake in Audiwerke. In the same year, Rasmussen bought the remainder of the American automobile manufacturer Rickenbacker, including the manufacture of eight-cylinder engine equipment. These engines were used in the Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden models launched in 1929. At the same time, six- and four-cylinder cars (licensed by Peugeot) were built. Audi cars in that era were luxury cars equipped with a special chassis.

Audi

• In 1932, Audi merged with Horch, DKW, and Wanderer, to form the Auto Union. During that period, the company introduced the Audi Front, which was the first European car to be powered by a six-cylinder engine (using a unit shared with the Wanderer) and front-wheel drive.

• Before the outbreak of World War II, the Automobile Federation used the four interconnected rings that make up the Audi badge today, to represent those four brands. The Automobile Federation used this badge in motor racing during that period, while member companies used their own names and logos. Technological development became more focused, and Horch or Wanderer engines were also used in some Audi models. Where you can't buy a rooster-powered Audi.

• Post-World War II period

• As happened to most German manufacturing industries, the Auto Union factories were equipped at the beginning of World War II for military production, and were directly exposed to heavy bombing throughout the war, which led to their destruction.

• Managed by the Russian Army, the Auto Union was dismantled as part of war reforms in 1945 on the orders of the USSR Military Administration. Following this, the company's entire assets were confiscated without compensation. On August 17, 1948, the Automobile Union was removed from the commercial register. These actions led to the liquidation of the German Automobile Association. What remained of the Audi plant in Zwickau became part of People Owned Enterprise, Automobilwerk Zwickau, and AWZ (which translates into English as Automobile Plant Zwickau).

• The former Audi factory Zwickau resumed assembly of pre-war models in 1949. These DKW models were renamed EVA F8 and EVA F9, and were similar to the West German versions. The West and East German models were equipped with conventional two-stroke DKW engines.

• New Auto Union

• A new automobile association was launched in West Germany in Ingol-Stadt, Bavaria, with loans from the Bavarian state government and the Marshall Plan of aid. The reformed company launched on September 3, 1949, continuing DKW's tradition of producing cars with front-wheel drive and two-stroke engines. This included the production of a small, stationary 125 cc motorcycle and a DKW transport vehicle, the DKW F 89 L.

• After a period of ownership by Daimler-Benz, the Volkswagen Group acquired the Ingostadt plant and the rights to the Auto Union brand in 1964. Two-stroke engines became less popular in the mid-1960s, as customers were attracted by the more comfortable four-stroke engines. In September 1965, the F102 DKW On four-wheel drive, some changes to the front and rear design. Volkswagen abandoned the DKW brand because it was associated with twin engine technology, then sold it under the name “Audi” after classifying this model internally as the F103. Subsequent developments of this model were named according to their horsepower rating and were sold as the Audi 60, 75, 80, and Super 90. , until 1972.

• Audi 80 assembly line in Wolfsburg from 1973

• NSU Ro 80 (1971–1977)

• In 1969, the Auto Union merged with NSU, which is based in Neckarsulm, near Stuttgart. During the 1950s, NSU became the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer, as well as producing small cars such as the NSU Prinz, the TT, and the TTS that remain popular as vintage race cars. NSU then focused on new rotary engines based on the ideas of Felix Wankel. In 1967, the new NSU Ro 80 was a durable car, due to its technical details such as aerodynamics, light weight and safety. But problems with rotary engines put an end to NSU's independence. Today, the Neckarsulm factories are used to produce the largest Audi A6 and A8 models. The Neckarsulm plant also produced the quattro GmbH, which was responsible for the development and production of Audi's high-performance cars: the R8 and the "RS".

• The mid-size K70 that NSU worked on was originally produced as a sandwich between the rear-engined Prinz models and the future NSU Ro 80. However, Volkswagen took the K70 for its own, which meant the end of NSU as an independent brand.

• The modern era

• The new combined company was known as the Audi NCU, and saw the Audi Group emerge as a separate brand for the first time since the pre-war period. Volkswagen introduced the Audi brand in the United States with the 1970 model year.

• The 1968 Audi 100 was the first new car of this model. Then came the Audi 80/Fox (which formed the basis of the 1973 Volkswagen Passat) in 1972 and the Audi 50 (which was later released under the name Volkswagen Polo) in 1972. 1974. The design of the Audi 50 was influential in many ways, because it was the first incarnation of the Golf/Polo concept that led to the success of this car in the world.

• Audi quattro

• Audi's image at this time was conservative, so a proposal by engineer Georg Bensinger to develop all-wheel drive technology in Volkswagen's Eltis military vehicle to achieve Audi and race car performance was approved. The performance car produced in 1980 was called the Audi Quattro, a coupe and turbocharged car and the first German car to use all-wheel drive technology through a differential. Also referred to as the “Paleo R quattro” (“Ur” is German for “original” and also applies to the first generation Audi S4 and S6 sports sedans, such as the “UrS4” and “UrS6”), a small number of these were produced. Vehicles (produced by one team), but this model achieved great racing success. These outstanding successes proved the feasibility of all four-wheel-drive racing cars, and the Audi name became associated with the advancement of automotive technology.

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• In 1985, the era of the Auto Union and NSU ended, and the company used the name Audi AG.

• In 1986, the Passat-based Audi 80 began to develop as a kind of “grandfather car”, and thus the 89 was produced. This new car achieved very strong sales. However, the modern and dynamic exterior demonstrated the lower performance of its base engine, and the base package had no entertainment capabilities (even a passenger side mirror was optional). In 1987, Audi introduced a new and very elegant model: the Audi 90, which consisted of many standard features. In the early 1990s, sales of the Audi 80 series began to decline, and some fundamental problems began to appear.

• The 60 Minutes report in the United States did not help improve the decline in sales, and the report was intended to show that Audi cars suffer from “unintended acceleration.” The 60 Minutes report was based on customer reports about the car accelerating when the brake pedal is pressed. Independent investigators concluded that this was due to the accelerator pedal being placed close to the brake pedal (unlike in American cars), and the occasional inability to distinguish between the two pedals. (In racing cars, in the case of manual shifting to a lower speed and rapid braking, the gas pedal must be used in order to properly equalize the number of revolutions of the motor per minute, and therefore the two pedals must be close to each other so that the driver can press them with the right foot, It is a driving style called heel and toe. The results of modern technology changing the position of the pedals by using the ball of the foot to press the brake and the outside edge of the foot to press the accelerator, but originally the heel of the foot was used on the brake and the ball on the accelerator). This was not a problem in continental Europe, perhaps due to European drivers' experience with manual transmissions.

• The report crushed Audi's sales, and the company rebadged the affected model (5000 became 100/200 in 1989, as it was elsewhere). Audi considered withdrawing from the American market until its sales began to recover in the mid-nineties. The sale of the new A4 in 1996 became a turning point for the company, in addition to the release of the A4 / A6 / A8 series that was developed jointly with Volkswagen and other brands (called “platforms”).

• In the early 2000s, Audi participated in German races to maintain several world records, such as the Top Speed Endurance. This effort was in sync with the company's heritage, beginning with the Silver Arrows and the racing era during the 1930s.

• Audi sales are witnessing significant growth in Europe. 2004 also saw the eleventh consecutive increase in sales, with 779,441 cars sold worldwide. Records were recorded in 21 markets out of about 50 markets. The largest sales increase came from Eastern Europe (+19.3%), Africa (+17.2%), and the Middle East (+58.5%). In March 2005, Audi contracted with two dealers in India following a significant increase in its sales in the region.

• The 2007 sales year was 964,151 cars sold, thus setting a new record for the brand. In 2008, Audi achieved its consecutive annual record of exceeding one million units, with 1,003,400 vehicles sold.

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