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Peugeot

•  Peugeot is a French automobile manufacturer, a subsidiary of the Dutch group Stellantis since 2021. The family business which precedes the current Peugeot company was founded in 18102, during the transformation of the family mill in Hérimoncourt into a steelworks. Different branches of the family will launch into very diversified productions, but all based on steel (tools, springs, umbrella ribs, corset frames, coffee grinders, timepieces, bicycles, etc.) From In 1886, Armand Peugeot began to take an interest in automobiles. In 18962, he created the “Société anonyme des automobiles Peugeot. At the same time, his nephews Pierre, Robert and Jules began manufacturing cycles in 1897 under the name “Les fils de Peugeot Frères” and produced their first automobile in 1906. In order to avoid internal competition harmful to production, the two Peugeot family companies were merged in 1910 under the name “Société anonyme des automobiles et cycles Peugeot”.

• The Peugeot company is at the origin of the PSA Group which also includes Citroën, purchased from Michelin in 1976, DS, founded in 2014, as well as Vauxhall and its German sister Opel (formerly GM Europe).

• Peugeot mainly produces motor vehicles for individuals, utility vehicles and two-wheelers. In 2016, the brand sold 1,919,460 vehicles4.

• Via its Peugeot Sport department, Peugeot has won five world rally championships, two world sports car championships, the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup endurance championship twice as well as seven Dakar Rallies.

• The Peugeot family business entered the industrial era at the beginning of the 19th century under the leadership of Emperor Napoleon I who needed to clothe the soldiers of his Grande Armée. These original millers then became cotton processors in Hérimoncourt5 in the Pays de Montbéliard in Franche-Comté.

Peugeot

• In 1810, Jean-Frédéric and Jean-Pierre II Peugeot launched into the steel industry and transformed the mill in the locality of Sous-Cratet into a steel foundry2 then began cold rolling to supply the watchmaking industry with springs6 .

• In 1832, they joined forces with Jacques Maillard-Salins and founded the company “Peugeot Frères Aînés et Jacques Maillard-Salins”7 to manufacture saw blades.

• In 1840, a Peugeot coffee grinder was created8, the first in a long series.

• In 1841, Jean-Frédéric's sons joined forces with four Englishmen from Lancaster living in the Saint-Étienne region, the Jackson brothers, to create the branch "Peugeot seniors and Jackson brothers"9. In Pont-de-Roide-Vermondans, it manufactured springs, band saws, tools, corset busks and umbrella ribs10.

• In 185111, after the revolution of 1848 which caused a serious economic crisis, the firm headed by the sons of Jean-Pierre II, who succeeded their father, became the “Établissements Peugeot Frères” and expanded its production. These include steel frames for crinolines, fashion accessories launched by Empress Eugénie. Subsequently, Eugène and Armand Peugeot, the sons of Jules and Émile, took charge of the company whose “business was doing very well in this prosperous era of the Second Empire7” and began producing bicycles from 188612. then motorcycles in 189913.

• Automotive debut

• The Peugeot Type 3 quadricycle from Paris-Brest-Paris in 1891, piloted by Louis Rigoulot, engineer and Auguste Doriot, foreman.

• A Peugeot type 3 with a Daimler engine from 1891.

• Peugeot stand at the Paris Motor Show, January 1901 (Grand Palais).
• Visionary, Armand Peugeot is determined to manufacture automobiles. After having Type 1 built in 1889, a steam tricycle driven by a boiler designed by Léon Serpollet, he noted that only the oil engine could build a reliable and light car. At the same time, Émile Levassor, seeking customers for his engines under license from Daimler14, offered the manufacture of automobiles15 to Armand Peugeot, who followed him. Thus, in January 1891, Peugeot produced and marketed one of the first “horseless” cars, Mr. Vurpillod thus becoming the same year the first purchaser of a Peugeot automobile. After this opposite, the type 2 and type 3 will follow. Developing a power of 8 hp, they reach a speed of around 15 km/h.

• Within “the Sons of Peugeot Frères”, unlike Armand, Eugène Peugeot is hostile to the automobile so much so that the two cousins clash and end up separating. Eugène continued manufacturing alone, excluding cars, and Armand founded with his brother-in-law Albert Fallot16 the “Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot” (SAAP) which was partly based in Lille, the city where the statutes of the company were filed on April 2, 1896 in the trade and companies register. The main factory created in 1897 is located in Doubs at Audincourt17. At the end of the 19th century, a workshop18 was added to Lille-Fives which would be an important industrial tool for the group, notably for the manufacture of petrol engines and then Indenor Diesel engines when it closed in the early 1990s. Lemaître was already beginning to express yourself regularly with the brand, in competitions.

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